How Is St. Louis Encephalitis Transmitted to Humans?
The St. Louis
encephalitis virus has a complex life cycle involving common birds (e.g., sparrows, finches, blue jays, robins, doves) and specific types of
Culex mosquitoes that feed mainly on birds. Humans and other mammals are not an important part of the life cycle of the St. Louis encephalitis virus. Sometimes, however, people who live in or visit an area where the St. Louis encephalitis virus lives can be infected by the bite of an infected mosquito. After infection, the St. Louis encephalitis virus invades the central nervous system, including the spinal cord and brain.
Symptoms Associated With St. Louis Encephalitis
- Fever
- Headache
- Tiredness
- Dizziness.
In its more severe form, St. Louis encephalitis can cause convulsions and death.
How Is a St. Louis Encephalitis Diagnosis Made?
Diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis is based on tests of blood or spinal fluid.
Who Is at Risk for St. Louis Encephalitis?
Anyone can get St. Louis encephalitis, but some people are at increased risk of severe disease. These groups of people include:
- Elderly people
- People living in crowded, low-income areas
- People who work outside or participate in outdoor recreational activities in areas where the disease is common.
Treatment for St. Louis Encephalitis
There is no specific treatment for St. Louis encephalitis. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, and no effective anti-viral drugs have been discovered. Caring for patients with St. Louis encephalitis focuses on treatment of symptoms and complications.
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