An Introduction to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is a condition characterized by involuntary leg twitching or jerking movements during sleep. The leg movements typically occur every 10 to 60 seconds, and sometimes last throughout the night. PLMD is also known as periodic limb movements in sleep or PLMS. The symptoms of periodic limb movement disorder cause repeated awakening and severely disrupted sleep.
Periodic limb movement disorder is more common in the elderly and in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Period limb movement disorder was formerly known as sleep myoclonus or nocturnal myoclonus.
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome
More than 80 percent of people with
restless legs syndrome (
RLS) also experience the more common condition of periodic limb movement disorder. And, although many patients with RLS also develop periodic limb movement disorder, most people with periodic limb movement disorder do not experience RLS.
Unlike restless legs syndrome, the movements caused by periodic limb movement disorder are involuntary, which means that people have no control over them. Periodic limb movement disorder usually involves the lower extremities. However, for some patients, periodic limb movement disorder can occur in the upper extremities as well.
Causes of Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
The cause of periodic limb movement disorder is unknown. However, there are diseases and conditions that seem to be associated with periodic limb movement disorder. These include:
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Spinal cord injuries.
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